Advocacy and Corporate Governance: An Overview - 1

Shareholder Proposals - The Basics - 1

Why do Investors file Proposals? - 2

What are the Required Ownership Thresholds? - 2

When can I Submit a Shareholder Proposal? - 3

How to Submit a Shareholder Proposal? - 3

How to Write a Strong Proposal? - 4

What is an example of a successful shareholder proposal? - 5

What happens after I submit a proposal? - 5

What happens when a company challenges a proposal? - 6

What are the reasons a company can cite when challenging? - 6

What happens if the challenge is successful? - 7

What happens if the proposal is included in the proxy materials? - 8

How are shareholder votes calculated? - 8

If a shareholder proposal passes - is it binding? - 8

In Conclusion - 9

Sources and Citations - 9